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71.
Chin A Daniels MD Urban MA Piégay H Gregory KJ Bigler W Butt AZ Grable JL Gregory SV Lafrenz M Laurencio LR Wohl E 《Environmental management》2008,41(6):893-903
This article reports a study of the public perception of large wood in rivers and streams in the United States. Large wood
is an element of freshwater aquatic ecosystems that has attracted much scientific interest in recent years because of its
value in biological and geomorphological processes. At the heart of the issue is the nature of the relationship between scientific
recognition of the ecological and geomorphological benefits of wood in rivers, management practices utilizing wood for river
remediation progress, and public perceptions of in-channel wood. Surveys of students’ perceptions of riverscapes with and
without large wood in the states of Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Oregon, and Texas suggest that
many individuals in the United States adhere to traditionally negative views of wood. Except for students in Oregon, most
respondents considered photographs of riverscapes with wood to be less aesthetically pleasing and needing more improvement
than rivers without wood. Analysis of reasons given for improvement needs suggest that Oregon students are concerned with
improving channels without wood for fauna habitat, whereas respondents elsewhere focused on the need for cleaning wood-rich
channels for flood risk management. These results underscore the importance of public education to increase awareness of the
geomorphological and ecological significance of wood in stream systems. This awareness should foster more positive attitudes
toward wood. An integrated program of research, education, and policy is advocated to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge
and public perception for effective management and restoration of river systems with wood. 相似文献
72.
Application of an empirical transport model to simulate retention of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide in sand columns 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide was injected into sand columns to simulate subsurface injection for creation of a permeable treatment barrier. Past usage of this material as an ex situ pilot scale treatment filter has shown that it has a high adsorption capacity for a number of heavy metals and therefore would be a good candidate for injection technology. Three suspension concentrations (50, 75 and 100 mg l(-1)) were pumped through packed sand columns at different flow velocities (3.0, 6.8 and 14.1 cm min(-1)). Little to no particles was detected in the effluent. Most of the nanoparticles remained in the sand columns, with an increasing then decreasing retained solids pattern. Application of a one-dimensional advection-dispersion flow model, that included two empirical kinetic terms to account for particle retention in the porous media, produced data fits that followed the general trend of the data, but did not truly capture the concentration maxima in the data sets. Discussion of these results highlights the limited ability of existing models to aid in predicting particle retention of non-ideal materials for engineering purposes. 相似文献
73.
Han T Han YS Park CY Jun YS Kwon MJ Kang SH Brown MT 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(3):699-705
A toxicity test using spore release of the aquatic green alga, Ulva, was developed and evaluated by assessing the toxicity of different organic and inorganic chemicals and elutriates of sewage or waste sludge. The toxic ranking of four metals was: Cu (EC50 of 0.040mgL(-1))>Cd (0.095mgL(-1))>Pb (0.489mgL(-1))>Zn (0.572mgL(-1)). The EC50 for TBTO ranged from 24 to 63microgL(-1). The most toxic VOC was formalin (EC50 of 0.788microlL(-1)) and the least toxic was acetone. Spore release was significantly inhibited in all elutriates; the greatest and least toxic effects were for industrial sewage (3.29%) and filtration bed (10.08%), respectively. The bioassay is simple, inexpensive and sensitive. The cosmopolitan distribution of Ulva means that the test would have a potential application worldwide. 相似文献
74.
Takashi Itakura David W. Airey Chin Jian Leo Gordon D. McOrist 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(9):723-1087
Tests using reconstituted samples have been performed to assess the diffusive transport of 137Cs and 60Co through natural regolith materials from a region in South Australia being considered for a radioactive waste repository. A double diffusion cell apparatus made of polycarbonate resin was developed to estimate the effective diffusion (De) and sorption coefficients (Kd) that allowed large withdrawals from the source and collector cells and has enabled tests with low concentrations of radioactivity. An alternative to porous stainless steel filter plates has also been used to reduce uncertainty in test interpretation. Analysis of the transient data used a staged method of the Laplace transform to take into consideration the volume of the samples withdrawn from the apparatus during testing. At test completion samples were cut into slices and analysed for radionuclide concentration. Data obtained from the sliced samples confirmed that both numerical and experimental data produced acceptable mass balance. The De values obtained in this study were of the order of 10−6 cm2 s−1 for both species, higher than previously published data. The Kd values from the diffusion and batch sorption tests were in reasonable agreement for 137Cs, but an order of magnitude different for 60Co. The sorption of the latter radionuclide was strongly pH dependent, and this dependency during diffusion tests would benefit from further investigation. 相似文献
75.
Peatlands cover around 13 Mha in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. Human activities have rapidly increased in the peatland ecosystems during the last two decades, invariably degrading them and making them vulnerable to fires. This causes high carbon emissions that contribute to global climate change. For this article, we used 94 high resolution (10-20 m) satellite images to map the status of peatland degradation and development in Sumatra and Kalimantan using visual image interpretation. The results reveal that less than 4% of the peatland areas remain covered by pristine peatswamp forests (PSFs), while 37% are covered by PSFs with varying degree of degradation. Furthermore, over 20% is considered to be unmanaged degraded landscape, occupied by ferns, shrubs and secondary growth. This alarming extent of degradation makes peatlands vulnerable to accelerated peat decomposition and catastrophic fire episodes that will have global consequences. With on-going degradation and development the existence of the entire tropical peatland ecosystem in this region is in great danger. 相似文献
76.
77.
Yan Fu Wang Min Xie Kwai-Sang Chin Xiu Ju Fu 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(1):10-21
In this paper, an accident analysis model is proposed to develop the cost-efficient safety measures for preventing accidents. The model comprises two parts. In the first part, a quantitative accident analysis model is built by integrating Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) with Bayesian Network (BN), which can be utilized to present the corresponding prevention measures. In the second part, the proposed prevention measures are ranked in a cost-effectiveness manner through Best-Fit method and Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach. A case study of vessel collision is analyzed as an illustration. The case study shows that the proposed model can be used to seek out accident causes and rank the derived safety measures from a cost-effectiveness perspective. The proposed model can provide accident investigators with a tool to generate cost-efficient safety intervention strategies. 相似文献
78.
79.
Public Perception as a Barrier to Introducing Wood in Rivers for Restoration Purposes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Piégay H Gregory KJ Bondarev V Chin A Dahlstrom N Elosegi A Gregory SV Joshi V Mutz M Rinaldi M Wyzga B Zawiejska J 《Environmental management》2005,36(5):665-674
Reintroduction of wood in rivers for restoration purposes is now recognized in a positive way by scientists. Nevertheless,
the perception of wood in riverscapes is strongly affected by the socio-cultural environment. This cultural influence might
explain why wood reintroduction is accepted and promoted in some regions of the world but not in others, despite the demonstrated
ecological benefits. From an extensive student perception survey, we show that most of the groups from nine countries in the
world considered riverscapes with wood to be less aesthetic, more dangerous, and needing more improvement than riverscapes
without wood. By contrast, this way of thinking was not observed in Germany, Sweden, and Oregon (USA), where the first instances
of wood reintroduction occurred. 相似文献
80.
Jukka Miettinen Soo Chin Liew 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(4):357-373
In this study we used high resolution (20 m) land cover maps to derive detailed information on land cover structure within
the classes of a regional medium resolution (500 m) land cover map. This enabled improved biomass estimation for the medium
resolution land cover classes. Although our results suggested that land cover maps based merely on medium resolution remote
sensing data can be used to monitor the extent of forest cover, they also showed that these maps alone are not sufficient
to produce reliable regional estimates on above ground biomass in insular Southeast Asia. A quarter of the study area was
covered by sub-pixel size (500 m) mosaic of various land cover types containing 14% of biomass. In total, non-forest areas
covered over 60% of the study area and included 43% of biomass. In these areas, highly fragmented within class land cover
structure was shown to significantly affect biomass estimates. Therefore we conclude that forest/land cover monitoring based
merely on medium resolution remote sensing data can no longer be used to sufficiently quantify carbon fluxes connected to
land cover changes in insular Southeast Asia, but multi-resolution approaches are needed to perform this task. 相似文献